Pressure-controlling device for hydraulic pumps.



J. W. NELSON.

PRESSURE CONTROLLING DEVICE FOR HYDRAULIC PUMPS.

APPLIOATION FILED JAN.22,190& 3.

Patented Mar. 2, 1909.

SHEET 1..

2 SHEETS- lillll Z9 W/T/VESSES:

J. W. NELSON. PRESSURE CONTROLLING DEVICE FOR HYDRAULIC PUMPS.

APPLICATION FILED JAN.22,190B.

Patented Mar. 2, 1909.

2 SHEETS-SHEET Z.

INVENTOR a),

PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES W. NELSON, OF NEW YQRK, N. Y.

PRESSURE-CONTROLLING DEVICE FOR HYDRAULIC PUMPS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

ate s! M sh 2, 99-

Application filed January 22, 1908. Serial No. 412,188.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, JAMES W. NELsoN, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the city of New York, borough of Brooklyn, county of Kings, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Pressure-Controlling Devices for Hydraulic Pumps, of which the following is a specification- This invention relates to devices adapted to be interposed between means for generating hydraulic ressure and the requisite means for the app ication of such pressureunder conditions which render necessary or desirable the employment of separate and relatively movable or adjustable devices for such generation and applicationthrough the employment of whic 1 the workman or operator stationed where such pressure is being applied, who is in position to note the progress and effect of the work, may directly control the generation of pressure and its application to the work to be done.

In an earlier application, filed January 20, 1908, Ser. No. 411,613, I have shown a device of the character above briefly outlined adapted for interposition between one or more rams and a hydraulic pump of the single-piston type. In another copending application, filed January 20, 1908, Ser. No. 411,612, I have shown and described a device for similar interposition between a ram or rams and a hydraulic pump of the double-piston type.

The present invention contemplates the employment of a pump having more than two pistons, and for the purposes of this description I have shown a device of this character as applied to a triple-piston hydraulic pump.

It is well known that hydraulic jacks and pumps are frequently constructed with two and sometimes with three pistons having common operating means, with a view to the employment of both or all of said pistons in order to rapidly raise the ram or rams to the point of contact with the work or load, after which one or more of the pumps are, in one manner or another, rendered inoperative, so that a single piston, and invariably the smaller piston, alone is eifectively operative, thus generating the maximum pressure of which the device is capable under the wellknown principles of hydrostatics.

While the employment of a double-piston pump will generally meet ordinary requirements, it will be apparent that a tri lepiston pumpora pump having more t an two lpistons with common operating-means will ave a still wider range of usefulness, inasmuch as one pump of this character may be made to sufiice under a variety of conditions which would otherwise require two or more separate pumps. It is always desirable to raise the ram or rams to the oint of contact with the work or load wit the greatest possible speed, and it not infrequently happens that the preliminary efiective pressure re uired is less than that ultimately desirdd, under which conditions, in the employment of a triple-piston pump, the operations of all three pistons would be made effective until the ram or rams were raised to contact with the load, after which, and during the period of lesser preliminary pressure, the larger pump would be rendered effectively inoperative until it became desirable to utilize the maximum ower of which the pump was capable, for w ich purpose the next larger piston would be ren dered effectively inoperative, the smaller piston alone operating to generate the increased pressure at a sacrifice of speed.

My invention will be more readily under.- stood by reference to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view, partly in section, of a complete apparatus embodying my invention; Fig. 2 is a plan view, partly in central section, of the individually-movable valve-container, and Fig. 3 is a transverse central section of Fig. 2.

Referring now to the drawings in detail, numeral 11 refers to a hydraulic pump which is provided with a central bore of vary- 12, 13 and 14, respectively, these pistons being mounted upon a common piston-rod 1 5 which is reciprocated by means of the pumplever 16 pivoted at 17 to the bracket 18 sultfer that the pump 1 1 be mounted upon a baseplate 19 from which projects the arm 20 carrying the abutment-platform 21, by means of which the pump may be suitably braced against the operations of the pump-lever. The pump-block 11 is provided with a lateral duct 22 leading from the chamber below the larger and upper piston 12 to the exterior of said pump-block, where it is rovided with means for the securing of a p ug 28 for the ing diameters to provide for the three pistons ably mounted upon pump-block 11. I pre- I reception of the coupling or connection 24 at one end of' the pipe 25. A similar duct 26 leads from the chamber below the second piston 13 to the lug 27 and through the connection 28 to t e pipe 29, and a lateral duct 30 leads from the chamber below the lower and smaller piston 14 through the plug 31 and the connection 32 to the pipe 33'.

Control of the flow during the pum ing operation is effected through the emp oyment of an individual member 34, WhlCh is preferably of cylindrical shape and of suitable metal and which is provided with a bore 35 screw-threaded at its outer extremity for the rece tion of a correspondingly-threaded screw-p ug 36 which rovides the sealed chamber 37. This mem er 34' is further provided with a longitudinal central bore 38 leading from the chamber 37 to the end of said member where it is interiorly screwthreaded for the reception of a corres ondingly-threaded screw-plug 39 which sea s the end of said bore. The bore 38 is of smallest diameter throughout that portion adjacent to and leading into the chamber 37. At 40, this bore is increased in diameter to provide a seat for the valve 41 which has a stem 42 projecting from said valve into the chamber 37. At 43, the bore 38 is again increased in diameter to provide a seat for the valve 44 which has a stem 45 extending from said valve nearly but under normal conditions not quite to the valve 41; At 46, the bore 38 is again increased in diameter to provide a seat for the valve 47 which has a stem 48 extending from said valve nearly but under normal conditions not uite to the valve 44. In this portion of the ore 38 of greatest diameter, elow the valve 47, I prefer to insert the removable cylindrical valve-plug 49, among other purposes to again reduce the eflective diameter of said. bore, and this lug 49 provides a seat for the valve 50 which has a stem 51 extending from said valve nearly but under normal conditions not quite to the valve 47. Between the valve 50 and the sealing lug 39 is provided a small chamber 52. The member or fitting 34 is provided with a longitudinal bore or duct 53 which communicates through the lateral duct 54 with the valve-bore 38 between the valves 41 and 44. The other end of the duct 53 communicates with the duct 55 in the laterallyprojecting arm 56, the end of which is screwthreaded for the reception of a connection or con ling 67 at the end of the pipe 25 which lea s to the larger ump-chamber. A similar longitudinal Huct 58 communicates through the lateral duct 59 with the valvebore 38 between the valves 44 and 47, while the other end of said duct 58 communicates with the duct 60 in the laterally-projecting arm 61, the extremity of which is similarly screw-threaded for the reception of a connection or coupling 57 at the end of the pipe 29 which is open to the middle pump-chamber. Another longitudinal duct 63 communicates through the'lateral duct 64 with the valvebore 38 between the valves 47 and '50, and the other end of said duct 63 is opento-a duct 65 in the laterally projecting arm 66, the end of which is similarly screw-threaded for the reception of a connection or coupling 62 (diagrammatically shown in Fig. 1) at the end of the pipe 33 leadin to the smaller pum -chamber. At the en of the fitting or mem er 34 op osite, to the arms 56, 61 and 66, are the re erably branching arms 68 and 69 rovide with the longitudinal ducts 70 an 71, respectively, which, unite in the chamber 52. These arms are each screwthreaded at, their extremities, for the reception of the couplings or connections 72 and 73 at the ends of the pipes 74 and 75,respectively. The pipe 74 leads through the coupling 76, the plug 77 and the duct 78 to the pressure chamber 79 underneath the ram 80' in the cylinder 81. Similarly, the ipe 75 leads through the connection 82 to t e pressure-chamber underneath the ram 83 in the ram-cylinder 84, the latter device being in all essential respects identical to that comprising the ram 80 and ram-cylinder'81.

The screw-plug 36 is centrally bored to provide bearin s for the short shaft 85, the outer end of w ich is provided with a head 86 having a slot for the reception of the bearing ortion 87 of the lever 88. The inner end of t e shaft is provided with a cam 89 lo cated in cotiperative positional relation to the projecting end of the stem 42 of the valve 41. The cam 89 is so rotatively positioned that under normal conditions, with the lever 88 in the position indicated in Fig. 2, said cam is non-interferent with the ordinary automatic operation of thevalve 41. Upon rotation of said shaft 85, by means of said lever 88, the cam 89 will first operate to impinge against the stem 42 of the valve 41 to unseat the latter and hold the same positively off its seat, without, however, interfering in anyway with automatic. action of the remaining valve in the series. Further rotation of said shaft 85, by turning said lever 88 through a slightly 1y greater arc, will operate through said cam 89 to further advance the valve 41 in the direction of the valve 44 until the former impinges against the end of the stem 45 of said valve 44 and positively'unseats the latter, holding the same off its seat without, however, interfering in any way with automatic action of the valves 47 and 50. In a similar manner, still further rotation of the cam 89 will cause the valve 44 to impinge against the stem 48 ,of the valve 47 and positively unseat the latter, the valves 41, 44 and 47 now being positively held off their seats while the valve 50 still retains its automatic function. Finally, the cam 89 may be still further rotated, whereupon the valve 47 will impinge against the stem 51 of the valve 50 to positively unseat the latter, in which case all of the valves in the series will be held off their seats and an open assage provided from the chamber 52 (and t us from each of the ram chambers) to the chamber 37. From this chamber 37 leads a lateral duct 90 (see dotted lines in Fig. 2) which leads through a niple 91 to the rubber or other flexible tube or ose 92 which leads thereto from any suitable source of liquid supply.

It will now be apparent that under what ma be termed normal conditionsthat is, wit the lever 88 in the position indicated in Fig. 2 and the cam 89 non-interferent with automatic action of any of the valves in the series-upon the upstroke of the pum -le ver 16 a partial vacuum will be created within the pump-chambers underneath the pistons 20 12, 13 and 14. The partial vacuum formed in the chamber underneath the piston 12 will cause an inequality of pressure which will result in the flow of liquid from the source of su ply into the chamber 37 and '25 thence ast the valve 41, which it unseats, in-

to the uct 53, and thence through the ipe into said pump-chamber. The partiaFvacuum in the chamber underneath the iston 13 will result in the flow of liquid rom the source of supply past the valves 41 and 42, in the bore 38, and'through the duct 58 and the pipe 29 to said pump-chamber. The partial vacuum formed in the chamber underneath the iston 14, in a similar manner, will result in t 1e unseatin of the valves 41, 44 and 47 and the flow of liquid past the same and into the duct 63, from whence it passes through the pipe 33 into the lower pump-chamber.

Upon the downstroke of the lever 16, the liquid will be forced from the pump chambers respectivel through the pipes 25, 29

. and 33 to the va ve-bore 38, but the excess of pressure is now in a direction to seat the valve 41. Flow back to the chamber 37 and thence to the source of supply is now checked by said valve 41 and the liquid, under pressure of all three pumps is directed past the valve 50, which it unseats, into the chamber 52 and thence to the ram chambers underneath the rams 80 and 83. In this manner a maximum volume of liquid is forced into said ram-chambers at each stroke of the pump-lever, thus rapidly raising the ram or rams to the point of actual contact with the 55 work or load. Should it now be desirable to sacrifice speed for increased power to a certain but not the greatest extent, the operator at the ram will turn the lever 88 through an arc suflicient, in the manner described, to unseat the valve 41. The upper and larger pump-piston is now rendered effectively inoperative, inasmuch *as the liquid which enters the chamber underneath the same is, upon the downstroke of the lever 16following the path of least resistanceforced back into the chamber 37 and thence to the source of sup ly; The liquid under pressure of the two ot er istons, upon the downstroke thereof, firm y seats the valve 44 a ainst the liquid under the lesser ressure o the larger piston 12. The two ower pumps only are now efi'ectivel operative, and under the well-known principles of hydrostatics the volume of liquid delivered to the ram chambers is decreased with a resultant increase of ower. Should it become desirable to stil further increase this power, the operator at the ram (which, as will be remembered, is in the immediate proximity of the valve-containing member or fitting) will turn the lever 88 through a slightly greater are to effect, in the manner described, the unseating of both of the valves 41 and 44. Under these conditions, the pistons 12 and 13 are both rendered efl'ectively inoperative, the.liquid from the chamber underneath the piston 12 following the course described in connection with the unseating of the valve 41 alone, and the liquid in the chamber underneath the piston 13, 90 the valve 44 being held off its seat, followin the path of least resistance and flowing bac past the now open valves 44 and 41 intothe chamber 37 and thence to the source of sup ly. It will be seen that the lower and sma lest piston 14 now alone is efiectively operative and, therefore, the pump is generating the maximum power of which it is capable, the li uid under pressure of this piston 14, whic has been drawn from the source of supply past the valves 41, 44 and 47, now eifecting the seating of the valve 47 and being forced ast the valve 50 into the chamber 52 and t ence to the ram chamber or chambers. When the ram or rams have been raised to the desired extent, and it is desired to remove or readjust these elements, the operator at the ram or rams will turn the lever 88 through a still greater arc, operating throu h 1 10 the cam 89 to unseat all of the valves in t e series in the manner hereinbefore described. As stated, an open passage or passages is now provided from the ram chamber or chambers to the source of supply, and the weight of the rams will force the liquid from the ramchambers through this passage back to the source of supply to permit of the removal or readjustment mentioned.

All of the pi es 25, 29, 33, 74 and 75, should be capa le of withstanding a high pressure and should still be sufliciently flexile to permit of the movement of anyone of the respective elements of which the complete apparatus is composed, with respect to another or others. As combining these features, I prefer to employ copper pipe. It is well known, however, that copper, when subjected to pressure for any long continued periods of time, acquires a certain brittle- 1-30 ness or temper which destroys its flexibility. Under such conditions,- it is necessary to replace the pipe .or subject the same to a more or less expensive Iprocess of annealing. It willbe apparent at when a device embodying my invention is'employed, only the comparatively short lengths of pipe which connect the fitting 34 with the rams, are subjected to pressure continuously during the progress of the work, the comparatively longer lengths of pipe, which connect pump and valve-container, being subjected to pressure only during the downstroke of the pump-lever 16. Therefore, by far the larger proportion of the re msite amount of copper pipe employed is ren ered much longer lived. Many modifications of minor details of my improved pressure-controlling device for hydraulic pumps will doubtless readilysuggest themselves to those skilled inthe art to which it appertains, and I therefore do not desire to limit my invention to the s ecific construction herein shown and descri ed.

I claim as new and desire to secure by hydraulic pressure which include more than two pumps, means for applying the generated pressure, and means separate from both of said elements for rendering efiectively inoperativev one or two or more of said pumps.

2. In combination, means for generating hydraulic pressure which include more than two pumps having common operating means, means for applying the generated pressure,

and means separate from both of said ele-' ments for rendering efiectively, inoperative one or two or more of said pumps.

3. In combination, means for generating hydraulic pressure which include more than two pumps of different capacities, means for applying the generated pressure, and means separate from both of said elements for rendering effectively inoperative said pumlps from the largest to the smallest successive y.

4. In combination, means for. generating hydraulic pressure which. include more than two pumps, means for applying the gener. ated pressure, and means separate from both of said elements for rendering effective the pressure of one of said pumps only or the combined pressures of two or more thereof.

5.- In combination, means for generating hydraulic pressure which include more than two pumps, means for applying the generated ressure, and means separate from both of said elements for rendering effective the pressure of one of said pumps only or the combined pressures of two or more thereof and for rendering ineffective the operations of all of said umps.

6. In com ination, means for generating hydraulic pressure which include more than two pumps, means for applying the generated pressure, and means separate from both of said elements for rendering efiective the pressure of one of said pumps only or the combined pressure of two or more thereof, for, rendering ineffective the operation of all of said pumps and for relieving the pressure in said applying means. 7

7. In combination, means for generating hydraulic pressure which include more than two pum s, separate means for applying the generate pressure at a selective oint, and means separate from both of sai elements for rendering eflectively inoperative one or two or more of said pumps.

8. In combination, means for generating hydraulic pressure which include more than two pumps, separate means for ap lying the generated pressure at a plurality 0 selective points, and means separatefrom both of said elements for rendering effectively inoperative one or two or more of said pumps.

9. In combination, means for generating hydraulic pressure which include more than two pum s, separate means for applying the generate pressure at a plurality of selective points, and means separate from both of said elements for rendering effectively inoperative one or two or more of said pumps and for equalizing the pressures at the points of application.

10. In combination, means for generating hydraulic pressure which include more than two pumps having common operating means,

separate means for applying the generated pressure at a selective oint, and means separate from both of sai elements for rendering effectively inoperative one or two or more of said pumps.

11. In combination, hydraulic pressure which include more than two pumps having common operating means, separate means or applying the generated pressure at a plurality of selective points, and means separate from both of said elements for rendering effectively inoperative one or two or more of said pum s.

. 12. In combination, means hir generating hydraulic pressure which include more than two pumps having common operating means,

separate means for applying the generated pressure at a plurality of-selective points,

and means separate from both of said-ele-- ments for rendering effectively inoperative one'or two or more of said pumps and for erl iualizing the pressures at the points of app cation. 1

13. In combination,.means for generating means for generating hydraulic pressure which include more than two pumps of difierent capacities having common operating means, means for applying the generated pressure, and means separate from both of said elements for rendering effectively inoperative said pumps from the largest to the smallest successively.

14. In combination, means for generating hydraulic pressure which include more than two pumps of different capacities having common operating means, separate means for applying the generated pressure at a selective point and means se arate from both of said elements for ren ering effectively inoperative said pumps from the .two pumps of different capacities having common operating means, separate means for applying the generating pressure at a plura ity of selective oints, and means separate from both of sai elements for rendering effectively inoperative said pumps from the largest to the smallest successively and for equalizing application.

17. In combination, means for generating hydraulic pressure which include more than two pumps of diflei'ent capacities having common operating means, separate meansfor applying the generated pressure at a plurality of selective oints, and means separate from both of sai elements for rendering effectively inoperative said pumps from the largest to the smallest successively, for equalizing the pressures at the points of application I and for relieving the applied pressures.

18. In combination, means for generating hydraulic pressure which include more than two pum s, separate means for applying the generate pressure, at a selective oint, and means separate from both of sai elements for rendering effective the pressure of one of said pumps only or the combined pressures of two or more thereof.

19. In combination, means for generating hydraulic pressure which include more than two pumps, separate means for applying the generated pressure at a plurality of select ive points, and means separate from both of said elements for rendering efiective the pres sure of one of said pumps only or the combined ressures of two or more thereof.

20. n combination, means for generating hydraulic pressure which include more than two pum s, separate means for applying the generate pressure at a plurality of selective points, and means separate from both of said elements for rendering effective the pressure of one of said pumps only or the combined pressures of two or more of said pumps and for equalizing the pressures at thepoints of apphcation.

21. In combination, mean's'for generating the pressures at the points of hydraulic pressure which include more than two pumps having common operating means separate means r applying the generate pressure at a plurality of selective points, and means separate from both of said ele-' ments for rendering effective the ressure of one of sald pumps only or the comhined pressures of two or more of said pumps and for equalizing the pressures at the points of application.

22. In combination, means for generating hydraulic pressure which include more than two pumps having common operating means, separate means for applying the generated pressure at a selective point and means separate from both of said elements for rendering effective the pressure of oneof said pumps only or the combined pressures of two or more of said pumps.

23. In combination, means for generating hydraulic pressure which include more than two pumps of different capacities having common operating means, separate means for a plyin the generated pressure at a plura ity 0 selective points, and means separate from both of said elements for rendering effective the pressure of one of said pumps only 'or the" combined pressuresof two or more-thereof and for eqluali'zifi'g".

the pressures at'the points of app icat'ion.

24. In combination, means for satiat ing hydraulic pressure which inclu' c more than two pumps, separate means for apply ing the generated pressure at a plurality of selective points, and means separate from both of sald elements for rendering efi'ective the pressure of one of said pumps only or the combined pressures of two or more thereof, 'for equalizing the pressuresat the points of application and forrendering' inefl'ective the operation of all of said pumps.

25. In combination, means for generatlng' hydraulic pressure which include more than two pumps having common operating means, separate means for applying the generated pressure at a plurality of selective points, and means separate from both of said elements for rendering effective the pressure of one of said pumps only or the combined pressures of two or more thereof, for equalizing the pressures at the points of application and for rendering ineffective the operations of all of said umps. I

- 26. In com ination, means for generating hydraulicpressure which include more than two pumps, separate means for applying the generated pressure at a selective point, and

means separate from both of said elements for rendering effective the pressure of one'of said pumps only or the combined pressures of two or more thereof and for relieving the pressure at the point of application.

27. In combination, means for generating hydraulic pressure which include more than two pumps, separate means for applying the generated pressure at a plurality of selective oints, and means separatefrom both of said elements for rendering effective the pressure of one of said pumps only or the combined pressures of two or more thereof and for relieving the pressures at the equalizing the-pressures at the points of app ication and for relieving the applied pressures.

29. In combination, means for generating hydraulic pressure which include more than two pumps having common operating means, separate means for applymg' the generated pressure ata plurality of selective oints, and means separate from both of said elements for rendering effective the ressure of one of said pumps only or the com ined pressures of two or more of said pumps, for e ualizing the pressures at the points of app ication and for relieving the applied pressures.

30.' In combination, means for generating hydraulic pressure which include more than two pumps having common operating means, separate means for applying the generated pressure at a selective pomt, and means separate from both of sai ing effective the pressure of one of said pumps only or the combined pressures of two or more thereof and for relieving the pressure at'the point of application.

31. In combination, means for generating hydraulic pressure which include more than two pumps of diiferent capacities having common operating means, separate means 1 for a plying the generated pressure at a plura ty of selective points, and means separate from both of said elements for rendering effective the pressure of one of said pumps only or the combined ressures of two or more thereof, for equalizing the pressures at the points of application ant for relieving the applied pressures.

32. In combination, means'for generating hydraulic pressure which include more than two pumps, separate means for applying the generated pressure at a plurality of selective points, and means separate from both of said elements for rendering effective the pressure of one of said pumps only or the combined pressures of two or more thereof, for equalizing the pressures at the points of application, for rendering ineffective the operation-of all of said pumps and for relieving the applied pressures.

33. In combination, means for generating hydraulic pressure which include more than elements for rendertwo pumpshaving common operating means, separate means for applying the generated pressures at a plurality of selective points, and means separate from both of sald elements for rendering effective the pressure of one of said pumps only or the combined pressures of two or more thereof, for equalizmg the pressures at the points of application, for rendering ineffective the operations of all of said pumps and for relieving the applied ressures.

n combinationfa tri le pump, a ram, a flexible conduit from eacli pum chamber and to the ram chamber, sai conduits uniting in an individually movable member, said member being provided with means for the supply of liquid to said conduits and with means for rendering said pumps successively inoperative.

35. In combination, a tri le pump, a ram, a flexible conduit from eac pum chamber and to the ram chamber, sai conduits uniting in an individually movable member, said member being provided with means for the supply of liquid to said conduits and with meansfor renderin the pumps successively inoperative an with means for relieving the ressure in the ram chamber.

36. In com ination, a triple pump, a plurality of rams, a flexible conduit from each pump-chamber and to each ram-chamber, said conduits uniting in an individually movable member, said member being provided with means for the supply of liquid to said conduits and with meansfor rendering the pumps successively inoperative.

3?. In combination, a triple ump, a plurality of rams, a flexibleconduit from each pump chamber and to each ram chamber, said conduits uniting in an individually movable member, said member being rovided with means for the supply of liqui to said conduits and with means for equalizing the pressures in the ram chambers and with means for rendering the pumps successively inoperative.

38. In combination, a .triple pump, a plurality of rams, a flexible conduit from each pump-chamber and to each ram-chamber, said conduits uniting in an individuallymovable member, said member bein provided with means for the supply of 'quid to said conduits, with means for equalizing the pressures in the ram chambers, with means for rendering one or two or all of said pumps "effectively inoperative and with means for relieving the pressures in the ram chambers.

39. In combination, a tri 1e pump, a ram, a flexible conduit from eac pump chamber and to the ram chamber, said conduits uniting in an individually-movable member, a

thereby successively rendering the pumps male? effectively inoperative, and means for supplying liquid to the pump chambers;

40. In combination, a tri 1e pump, a ram, a flexible conduit from each pum chamber and to the ram chamber, sai conduits uniting in an individually-movable member, a series of four Valves in said member, the first checkin back fiowto one ofsaid pumps, the second 0 ecking back flow to another of said pumps, the third checking back flow to the remaming pump and the fourth checking back flow from the final pressure chamher, and means for unseating one, two, three or all of said valves.

In testimony of the foregoing I have 15 hereunto set my hand in the presence of two witnesses.

JAMES W. NELSON. 

